Cassette-Duinos   Ongoing
“CassetteDuino” is a term I use to refer to a modified cassette recorder. My interest in these started last fall, where I got to experiment with multitracking on a portastudio. Given my history of interest in circuit bending, I got ahold of some cassette recorders from ebay, flea markets and thrift stores. Pretty much anywhere I could find them for cheap. Many were damaged or destroyed in the research process, but a handful have turned out very well, as instruments for my own work and as gifts to friends. 

Analog CassetteDuinos


Mark 0 

Walkman-style recorder from ebay. 1 linear pot controlling speed mod. All functions remain intact. By swapping out different potentiometer values, I could have more or less control, with more or less worble depending on the value. 

Conceptually the design is pretty simple. I wired the motor’s negative end to the middle pin, and found 2 points on the PCB (one to ground, one to VCC), thereby injecting more or less power (= speed) to the motor!



Dated January 30, 2025







Mark 0-2

Another walkman style recorder, an old GE from Ebay. The entrails on this player are exposed to allow for hand-bending, and can be adjusted via finger pressure and position on the board.  


Dated August 30, 2025








Cassette-Duino MK1


Mark 1


The first successful attempt at hooking up the motor to an arduino. In this case, I used an ESP-32 for the controller, an L298N motor controller, and a linear slide pot to control the speed. 

I also added an audio out jack, as well as an OLED display (because who doesnt love a good display?). 

It runs off of C batteries. 

The code is available here! 







Mark Mark-1-SOIL


Second arduinoified cassette recorder. Using the same design, however in this case I used the ESP-NOW protocol to connect a separate sensor to the player. 

A generic, capacitive soil moisture sensor was hooked up to the “SENDER” ESP, whose reading would then be received at the cassette player, and change the motor speed accordingly. 

I added a bigger OLED, and attempted a menu with a rotary encoder to navigate it.. that did not go so well, but the core function worked! 
©2025 Andrew Frangella